Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX 5 - DEPLOYMENT Guía de instalación

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0.0Red Hat Enterprise Linux InstallationGuide

1.7. Disk Partitions and Mount Points ...2321.8. How Many Partitions? ...

terfaces allows users to boot the Linux kernel or another operating system.The interfaces are as follows:NoteThe following GRUB interfaces can only be

Refer to Section 6, “GRUB Commands” for a list of common commands.5.1. Interfaces Load OrderWhen GRUB loads its second stage boot loader, it first sea

• <install-disk> — Specifies the disk where the stage 1 boot loader should be installed,such as (hd0).• <stage-2> — Passes the stage 2 boo

7.1. Configuration File StructureThe GRUB menu interface configuration file is /boot/grub/grub.conf. The commands to set theglobal preferences for the

the menu interface times out.• fallback=<integer> — Replace <integer> with the entry title number to try if the first attemptfails.• hidde

• When the GRUB menu bypass screen appears at boot time, press any key to enter theGRUB menu (within the first three seconds).• Press the a key to app

Chapter 10. Additional Resourcesabout Itanium and LinuxOther reference materials, related to running Red Hat Enterprise Linux on an Itanium system,are

Part II. IBM POWER Architecture -Installation and BootingThe Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for IBM POWER systems discusses the install-a

Chapter 11. Steps to Get You Started1. Upgrade or Install?For information to help you determine whether to perform an upgrade or an installation refer

5Unpartitioned disk space means that available disk space on the hard drive(s) you are installing to has not been di-vided into sections for data. Whe

11.2. Use an Interpreter ...29612. Saving the File ...

rity of the installation media. It works with the CD / DVD, hard drive ISO, and NFSISO installation methods. Red Hat recommends that you test all inst

In this case /export/directory will be a directory that is shared via FTP or HTTP.• For CDROMs:mount -o loop /location/of/disk/space/diskX.iso /export

a file system other than those listed here, such as reiserfs, you will not be able toperform a hard drive installation.Hard drive installations requir

Chapter 12. Installing on IBM Systemi and IBM System p systemsThis chapter explains how to perform a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation from the DV

overview of text mode installation instructions.It is highly recommended that installs be performed using the GUI installation pro-gram. The GUI insta

Once in the SMS menu, select the option for Select Boot Options. In that menu, specify SelectInstall or Boot a Device. There, select CD/DVD, and then

The HMC vterm is the console for any partitioned IBM System p or IBM System i system. This isopened by right clicking on the partition on the HMC, and

Figure 12.2. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot LoaderConfigurationFigure 12.3. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk DruidHere is a

• Scroll Bar — Scroll bars appear on the side or bottom of a window to control which part of alist or document is currently in the window's frame

SCSI adapter automatically.If the DVD/CD-ROM drive is found and the driver loaded, the installer will present you with theoption to perform a media ch

IntroductionWelcome to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide .HTML and PDF versions of the guides are available online at http://www.redhat.

Figure 12.4. Selecting Partition Dialog for Hard Drive InstallationEnter the device name of the partition containing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO

Figure 12.5. TCP/IP Configuration9. Installing via NFSThe NFS dialog applies only if you are installing from an NFS server (if you selected NFS Imagei

Figure 12.6. NFS Setup DialogIf the NFS server is exporting the ISO images of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROMs, enterthe directory which contains

Figure 12.7. FTP Setup DialogEnter the name or IP address of the FTP site you are installing from, and the name of the direct-ory containing the varia

from which you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux.Enter the name or IP address of the HTTP site you are installing from, and the name of the dir-

Release Notes for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0.0 by clicking on the Release Notes button.Click on the Next button to continue.13. Language SelectionUs

Figure 12.9. Language SelectionOnce you select the appropriate language, click Next to continue.14. Keyboard ConfigurationUsing your mouse, select the

Figure 12.10. Keyboard ConfigurationTipTo change your keyboard layout type after you have completed the installation,use the Keyboard Configuration To

Figure 12.11. Installation Number16. Disk Partitioning SetupPartitioning allows you to divide your hard drive into isolated sections, where each secti

WarningThe Update Agent downloads updated packages to /var/cache/yum/ by default. Ifyou partition the system manually, and create a separate /var/ par

Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a file, named testfile, in the cur-rent working directory.file nameFile names, directory names, p

17. Advanced Storage OptionsFigure 12.13. Advanced Storage OptionsFrom this screen you can choose to disable a dmraid device, in which case the indivi

Please note that you will be able to reattempt with a different ISCSI target IP should you enter itincorrectly, but in order to change the ISCSI initi

Figure 12.15. Create Default LayoutUsing your mouse, choose the storage drive(s) on which you want Red Hat Enterprise Linux tobe installed. If you hav

hard drive is necessary to use for partition creation with problematic RAID cards.A /boot/ partition is also necessary for software RAID setups.If you

Figure 12.16. Partitioning with Disk Druid on IBM System p and System isystemsThe partitioning tool used by the installation program is Disk Druid. Wi

• New: Used to request a new partition. When selected, a dialog box appears containing fields(such as the mount point and size fields) that must be fi

• Type: This field shows the partition's file system type (for example, ext2, ext3, or vfat).• Format: This field shows if the partition being cr

tition contains the YABOOT boot loader (which allows other POWER systems to boot RedHat Enterprise Linux). Unless you plan to boot from a floppy or ne

Figure 12.17. Creating a New Partition• Mount Point: Enter the partition's mount point. For example, if this partition should be theroot partitio

6The fsck application is used to check the file system for metadata consistency and optionally repair one or moreLinux file systems.If you choose Fill

button on a GUI screen or windowThis style indicates that the text can be found on a clickable button on a GUI screen. For ex-ample:Click on the Back

ate it.20. Network ConfigurationIf you do not have a network device, physical LAN, or virtual LAN, this screen does not appearduring your installation

Figure 12.19. Editing a Network DeviceNoteDo not use the numbers as seen in this sample configuration. These values will notwork for your own network

21. Time Zone ConfigurationSet your time zone by selecting the city closest to your computer's physical location. Click onthe map to zoom in to a

Date Properties Tool. If you are not root, it prompts you for the root password tocontinue.To run the Time and Date Properties Tool as a text-based ap

7A root password is the administrative password for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. You should only log in asroot when needed for system mainten

23. Package Group SelectionNow that you have made most of the choices for your installation, you are ready to confirm thedefault package selection or

Figure 12.22. Package Group SelectionSelect each component you wish to install.Once a package group has been selected, if optional components are avai

WarningIf, for some reason, you would rather not continue with the installation process, thisis your last opportunity to safely cancel the process and

prompt for a list of valid boot labels.)• Do nothing — after YABOOT's timeout period, (by default, five seconds) YABOOT auto-matically boots the

Chapter 13. Driver Media for IBMPOWER Systems1. Why Do I Need Driver Media?While the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program is loading, a scree

TipThe directory /usr/share/doc/ contains additional documentation for packages in-stalled on your system.ImportantIf you modify the DHCP configuratio

TipIt is also possible to use a driver image via a network file. Instead of using thelinux dd boot command, use the linux dd=url command, where url is

Chapter 14. TroubleshootingInstallation on an IBM POWERSystemThis appendix discusses some common installation problems and their solutions.You may als

For more information concerning signal 11 errors, refer to:http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/2. Trouble Beginning the Installation2.1. Problems with Booti

When the traceback dialog appears, the traceback error message is automatically written to afile named /tmp/anacdump.txt. Once the dialog appears, swi

File "/var/tmp/anaconda-7.1//usr/lib/anaconda/iw/progress_gui.py", line 20, in runrc = self.todo.doInstall ()File "/var/tmp/anaconda-7.

To set up your system so that you can log in at a graphical login screen, you must edit one file,/etc/inittab, by changing just one number in the runl

If you are having trouble with the X server crashing when anyone other than root logs in, youmay have a full file system (or, a lack of available hard

Chapter 15. Additional Boot Optionsfor IBM Power SystemsThis appendix discusses additional boot and kernel boot options available for the Red Hat En-t

chine. This may be needed for some older systems where only 16 mb is detected and forsome new machines where the video card shares the video memory wi

Part III. IBM System z Architecture -Installation and BootingThe Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for IBM System z Architecture systems dis

In addition to this manual, which covers installation, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux DeploymentGuide contains further information on system administrat

8Direct Access Storage Devices (or DASDs) are hard disks that allow a maximum of three (3) partitions per DASD. Forexample, dasda has dasda[123].9Usin

System z supports QDIO-enabled (Queued Direct I/O) and LCS (LAN channel station) devices.The CTC (channel-to-channel) and IUCV (inter-user communicati

an HTTP install.To copy the files from the installation DVD or CD-ROMs to a Linux machine which acts as an in-stallation staging server, perform the f

mv /location/of/disk/space/RHEL5.iso /export/directory/• For CDROMs:mv /location/of/disk/space/disk*.iso /export/directory/Ensure that the /export/dir

lems. To verify the ISO images are intact prior to performing an installation, use an md5sumprogram (many md5sum programs are available for various op

You may now create the parameter file (for example, redhat.parm). Refer to Chapter 19, SampleParameter Files for sample parm files. Below is an explan

Where dasd-list represents the list of DASD devices to be used by Red Hat EnterpriseLinux.Although autoprobing for DASDs is done if this parameter is

Where netmask is the netmask.• BROADCAST=broadcastWhere broadcast is the broadcast address.• GATEWAY=gwWhere gw is the gateway-IP for your eth device.

• WWPN is the world wide port name used for routing (often in conjunction with multipathing)and is as a 16-digit hex value (e.g. 0x5105074308c212e9).•

7. Installing in an LPAR using the Red HatEnterprise Linux LPAR CDThe following steps must be taken when installing onto an LPAR.• Log in on the Hardw

Part I. x86, AMD64, Intel 64 andItanium- Installation and BootingThe Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for Intel and AMD 32-bit and 64-bit s

pub/redhat/linux/rawhide/s390x)• Click Continue.• In the dialog that follows, keep the default selection of redhat.ins and click Continue.• Refer to S

Chapter 17. Installing on IBM Systemz SystemsThis chapter explains how to perform a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation using the graphic-al, mouse-

ure 17.1, “Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot Loader Configuration”, and Figure 17.2,“Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid”, i

Figure 17.2. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk DruidHere is a list of the most important widgets shown in Figure 17.1, “Installation Progra

• Button Widget — Button widgets are the primary method of interacting with the installationprogram. You progress through the windows of the installat

lection details and other options not available in text-based installs. It is strongly re-commended to use the graphical installation whenever possibl

This partition must be formatted with a ext2 or vfat filesystem, and cannot be a logical volume.There is also a field labeled Directory holding images

If the NFS server is exporting the ISO images of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROMs, enterthe directory which contains the ISO images.Next, the Welc

without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them. For each ISOimage:mkdir discXmount -o loop RHEL5-discX.iso discX7. Installing via H

TipYou can save disk space by using the ISO images you have already copied to theserver. To accomplish this, install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using IS

Chapter 1. Itanium System SpecificInformation1. Itanium System Installation OverviewInstalling Red Hat Enterprise Linux on an Itanium system is differ

later in the installation. The installation program tries to define the appropriate time zone basedon what you specify on this screen.Figure 17.6. Lan

Figure 17.7. Installation Number11. Disk Partitioning SetupPartitioning allows you to divide your storage drive(s) into isolated sections, where each

WarningThe Update Agent downloads updated packages to /var/cache/yum/ by default. Ifyou partition the system manually, and create a separate /var/ par

gram.No matter what type of installation you are performing, backups of the existing dataon your systems should always be made.12. Advanced Storage Op

Figure 17.9. Advanced Storage OptionsTo configure a Fiber Channel Protocol SCSI device invoke the 'Add FCP device' dialog by se-lecting &apo

Figure 17.10. Configure FCP DeviceThe newly added device should then be present and usable during the Disk Druid portion of theinstallation.12.1. FCP

Figure 17.11. Configure FCP DeviceNoteThe installer requires that at least one ECKD DASD be defined. In the situationwhere a SCSI-only installation is

CautionIf you select this option, all data on the selected DASD and SCSI storagedrive(s) is removed by the installation program. Do not select this op

CautionIt is always a good idea to back up any data that you have on your systems. Forexample, if you are upgrading or creating a dual-boot system, yo

The partitioning tool used by the installation program is Disk Druid. With the exception of cer-tain esoteric situations, Disk Druid can handle the pa

4. SCSI hard drives on the SCSI interface5. CD-ROM drives on the IDE interface6. CD-ROM drives on the SCSI interfaceTo view the results of this system

point. Double-click on the partition or click the Edit button.• Type: This field shows the partition's file system type (for example, ext2, ext3,

• A /boot/ partition (100 MB) — the partition mounted on /boot/ contains the operating sys-tem kernel (which allows your system to boot Red Hat Enterp

The installation program automatically detects any network devices you have and displays themin the Network Devices list.Once you have selected a netw

NoteDo not use the numbers as seen in this sample configuration. These values will notwork for your own network configuration. If you are not sure wha

Figure 17.16. Configuring the Time ZoneSelect System Clock uses UTC if you know that your system is set to UTC.TipTo change your time zone configurati

10A root password is the administrative password for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. You should only log in asroot when needed for system mainte

ceed to the next stage of the installation process without entering a root password.The root password must be at least six characters long; the passwo

NoteUsers of IBM System z who want support for developing or running legacy 31-bitapplications are encouraged to select the Compatibility Arch Support

Figure 17.19. Package Group Details19. Preparing to Install19.1. Preparing to InstallA screen preparing you for the installation of Red Hat Enterprise

3270 terminal emulator.20. Installing PackagesAt this point there is nothing left for you to do until all the packages have been installed. Howquickly

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0.0: Red Hat Enterprise Linux In-stallation GuideCopyright © 2007 Red Hat, Inc.This Installation Guide documents relevant i

1Unpartitioned disk space means that available disk space on the hard drive(s) you are installing to has not been di-vided into sections for data. Whe

ssh. It is important to note that the only place you can log in as root is from the 3270 or from oth-er devices as listed in /etc/securetty.The first

Chapter 18. Removing Red HatEnterprise LinuxTo remove from the S/390 you can either remove the DASD allocation from the VM or you canstart the install

Chapter 19. Sample Parameter FilesThe IBM System z architectures use a special parameter file to set up networking before the in-stallation program (a

NoteThe CTC, and NETIUCV drivers have been deprecated and are no longer sup-ported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux.For example (a sample qeth SUBCHANNEL s

operating in qeth mode. PORTNAME is only required for z/VM 4.3 or older without APARsVM63308 and PQ73878.When using non-qdio mode: lcs_portnumber is u

Chapter 20. Additional Boot OptionsThis appendix discusses additional boot and kernel boot options available for the Red Hat En-terprise Linux install

this command sets the password used to connect to the VNC server.noipv6this command disables the default selection of ipv6 options during the installe

Chapter 21. TroubleshootingInstallation on an IBM System zSystemThis appendix discusses some common installation problems and their solutions.1. You a

2.3. Other Partitioning ProblemsIf you are using Disk Druid to create partitions, but cannot move to the next screen, you prob-ably have not created a

system, go to:http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/Finally, if you are still facing problems related to this error, register your product and contact o

DVD?There are several methods that can be used to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux.Installing from a CD-ROM or DVD requires that you have purchased a

passwd root, which allows you to enter a new password for root. At this point you can type shut-down -r now to reboot the system with the new root pas

Chapter 22. Additional Informationfor IBM System z Users1. The sysfs File SystemThe Linux 2.6 kernel introduced the sysfs file system. The sysfs file

This directory contains directories for each of the block devices on the system. These aremostly disk type devices such as real DASD, loopback devices

cmb_enable fc_topology port_add wwpncutype hardware_version port_removedetach_state host2 scsi_host_nodevtype in_recovery serial_number# cd /sys/bus/c

./kernel/drivers/s390/block/dasd_fba_mod.ko ./kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko./kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko ./kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko./kernel/drivers/s390/cio/

3. Using mdadm to Configure RAID-Based andMultipath StorageSimilar to other tools comprising the raidtools package set, the mdadm command can be used

Raid Level : raid0Array Size : 15621632 (14.90 GiB 15.100 GB)Raid Devices : 4Total Devices : 4Preferred Minor : 0Persistence : Superblock is persisten

mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.Due to the length of the mdadm command line, it has been broken into two lines.In this example, the hardware consists of

To IPL the SCSI disk, we provide the WWPN and LUN to the machine loader using the SETLOADDEV command.#cp set loaddev portname 50050763 00c18154 lun 57

# cd /sys/bus/ccw/drivers/dasd-eckd/0.0.4b2e/# ls -ltotal 0-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:04 availability-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17:

mkisofs -o file.iso -b isolinux.bin -c boot.cat -no-emul-boot \-boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T isolinux/NoteThe above command was split

mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)300960 inodes, 600816 blocks30040 blocks (5.0

Each line that ends with "(elf64-s390)" should be treated as one line with no spaces, such as /tmp/initrd.AR1182/lib/dasd_mod.ko(elf64-s390)

Building menu 'rh-automatic-menu'Adding #1: IPL section 'linux' (default)kernel image...: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.7-1.451.2.3 at 0x10

# echo read_device_bus_id,write_device_bus_id,data_device_bus_id > /sys/bus/ccwgroup/drivers/qeth/groupDue to the length of this command, it has be

• add_hhlen• broadcast_mode• buffer_count• canonical_macaddr• card_type• checksumming• chpid• detach_state• fake_broadcast• fake_ll• ipa_takeover• por

as a template./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0# IBM QETHDEVICE=eth0BOOTPROTO=staticHWADDR=00:06:29:FB:5F:F1IPADDR=9.12.20.136NETMASK=255.255.

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:644 (644.0 b) TX bytes:264 (264.0 b)Note that the HWaddr field in the first line of the ifconfig command output.

The following sections provide basic information for each task of each IBM System z networkdevice driver.6.2.1. Working With the LCS Device DriverThe

ifcfg-ethnifcfg-trnThe file should look similar to the following:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0# IBM LCSDEVICE=eth0BOOTPROTO=staticHWADDR=0

/sys/bus/ccwgroup/drivers/qeth/groupDue to the length of this command, it has been broken into two lines.• Configure the device.For more information a

NoteIn the following examples, the directory on the installation staging server that willcontain the installation files will be specified as /location

# ifup ethn# ifup trn7. Kernel-Related InformationRed Hat Enterprise Linux includes a modification to the way the Linux kernel timer interrupt ishandl

Part IV. Common TasksInformation that is common to all architectures related to registering your system with Red HatNetwork, choosing whether to insta

Chapter 23. Upgrading Your CurrentSystemThis chapter explains the various methods available for upgrading your Red Hat EnterpriseLinux system.1. Deter

carefully compare your original configuration files to the new files before integratingyour changes.NoteIt is always a good idea to back up any data t

To re-install your system, select Perform a new Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation andrefer to http://www.redhat.com/docs/wp/ as well as Chapter 4,

Chapter 24. Activate YourSubscription1. RHN RegistrationBefore you can access service and software maintenance information, and the support docu-menta

1.3. Connect Your SystemThe Red Hat Network Registration Client helps you connect your system so that you can beginto get updates and perform systems

Chapter 25. An Introduction to DiskPartitionsNoteThis appendix is not necessarily applicable to non-x86-based architectures.However, the general conce

11Blocks really are consistently sized, unlike our illustrations. Keep in mind, also, that an average disk drive containsthousands of blocks. But for

Figure 25.4. Disk Drive with Data Written to ItAs Figure 25.4, “Disk Drive with Data Written to It”, shows, some of the previously-empty blocksare now

5.2. Preparing for an NFS installFor NFS installation it is not necessary to mount the iso image. It is sufficient to make the iso im-age itself avail

Figure 25.5. Disk Drive with Partition TableAs Figure 25.5, “Disk Drive with Partition Table” shows, the partition table is divided into foursections

We have labeled this partition as being of the "DOS" type. Although it is only one of several pos-sible partition types listed in Table 25.1

PartitionsOf course, over time it became obvious that four partitions would not be enough. As disk drivescontinued to grow, it became more and more li

NoteKeep in mind that the following illustrations are simplified in the interest of clarityand do not reflect the exact partition layout that you enco

Figure 25.9. Disk Drive With an Unused PartitionIn Figure 25.9, “Disk Drive With an Unused Partition”, 1 represents an unused partition and 2represent

Figure 25.10. Disk Drive Being Destructively RepartitionedIn Figure 25.10, “Disk Drive Being Destructively Repartitioned”, 1 represents before and 2re

Figure 25.11. Disk Drive Being CompressedIn Figure 25.11, “Disk Drive Being Compressed”, 1 represents before and 2 represents after.This step is cruci

In Figure 25.13, “Disk Drive with Final Partition Configuration”, 1 represents before and 2 rep-resents after.NoteThe following information is specifi

xxThe first two letters of the partition name indicate the type of device on which the partitionresides, usually either hd (for IDE disks) or sd (for

Continuing our example, it is also possible that one or more directories below /usr/ would bemount points for other partitions. For instance, a partit

ROM, or from the DVD. For each CD-ROM (once for the DVD), execute the following com-mand on a Linux system:dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/tmp/file-name.iso• Usi

Part V. Basic System RecoveryWhen things go wrong, there are ways to fix problems. However, these methods require thatyou understand the system well.

Chapter 26. Basic System RecoveryWhen things go wrong, there are ways to fix problems. However, these methods require thatyou understand the system we

12Refer to the earlier sections of this guide for more details.2. Booting into Rescue ModeRescue mode provides the ability to boot a small Red Hat Ent

If you select Continue, it attempts to mount your file system under the directory /mnt/sysimage/.If it fails to mount a partition, it notifies you. If

• rpm for installing or upgrading software• joe for editing configuration filesNoteIf you try to start other popular editors such as emacs, pico, or v

2. Select Red Hat Enterprise Linux with the version of the kernel that you wish to boot andtype a to append the line.3. Go to the end of the line and

Chapter 27. Rescue Mode onPOWER SystemsYou can use the installation disks in rescue mode, in case your system does not boot. Rescuemode gives you acce

5. Make sure the installation disc is not in your CD-ROM drive.6. IPL the Linux system.7. Follow the prompts as decribed in Chapter 27, Rescue Mode on

Part VI. Advanced Installation andDeploymentThe Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide discusses the installation of Red Hat EnterpriseLinux and

Chapter 28. Kickstart Installations1. What are Kickstart Installations?Many system administrators would prefer to use an automated installation method

Chapter 3. System RequirementsTableThe most recent list of supported hardware can be found at http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/.This system requirements

• Command section — Refer to Section 4, “Kickstart Options” for a list of kickstart options.You must include the required options.• The %packages sect

autopart (optional)Automatically create partitions — 1 GB or more root (/) partition, a swap partition, and anappropriate boot partition for the archi

about users (UIDs, home directories, shells, etc.) from an LDAP directory. To use this op-tion, you must install the nss_ldap package. You must also s

--hesiodrhsThe Hesiod RHS ("right-hand side") option, set in /etc/hesiod.conf. This option is used bythe Hesiod library to determine the nam

--driveorderSpecify which drive is first in the BIOS boot order. For example:bootloader --driveorder=sda,hda--location=Specifies where the boot record

Do not remove any partitions.cmdline (optional)Perform the installation in a completely non-interactive command line mode. Any promptsfor interaction

--enabled or --enableReject incoming connections that are not in response to outbound requests, such as DNSreplies or DHCP requests. If access to serv

fore rebooting. During a kickstart installation, if no completion method is specified, the re-boot option is used as default.The halt option is roughl

Mount options to use for mounting the NFS export. (optional)For example:nfs --server=nfsserver.example.com --dir=/tmp/install-treeurlInstall from an i

keyboard (required)Sets system keyboard type. Here is the list of available keyboards on i386, Itanium, and Al-pha machines:be-latin1, bg, br-abnt2, c

el, and manufacturerspecifications; ex:Optiquest Q53,ViewSonic G773video card: make,model number andsize of VRAM; ex:Creative Labs Graph-ics Blaster 3

--fstype=Sets the file system type for the logical volume. Valid values are ext2, ext3, swap, and vfat.--fsoptions=Sets the file system type for the l

monitor (optional)If the monitor command is not given, anaconda will use X to automatically detect your mon-itor settings. Please try this before manu

start file. As the name implies, this information is static and are used during and after the in-stallation. The line for static networking is more co

--onboot=Whether or not to enable the device at boot time.--class=The DHCP class.--mtu=The MTU of the device.--noipv4=Disable IPv4 on this device.--no

• raid.<id>The partition is used for software RAID (refer to raid).• pv.<id>The partition is used for LVM (refer to logvol).--size=The min

--recommendedDetermine the size of the partition automatically.--onbiosdiskForces the partition to be created on a particular disk as discovered by th

md7, and each may only be used once.--bytes-per-inode=Specifies the size of inodes on the filesystem to be made on the RAID device. Not allfilesystems

NoteUse of the reboot option may result in an endless installation loop, dependingon the installation media and method.The reboot option is the defaul

NoteIf the selinux option is not present in the kickstart file, SELinux is enabled andset to --enforcing by default.--permissiveOutputs warnings based

Tells the system to upgrade an existing system rather than install a fresh system. You mustspecify one of cdrom, harddrive, nfs, or url (for FTP and H

Chapter 4. Installing on Intel® andAMD SystemsThis chapter explains how to perform a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation from the DVD/CD-ROM, using

volgroup <name><partition><options>The options are as follows:--noformatUse an existing volume group and do not format it.--useexist

If zerombr is specified, and yes is its sole argument, any invalid partition tables found ondisks are initialized. This destroys all of the contents o

the asterisk. The installation program defines several groups that contain related packages.Refer to the variant/repodata/comps-*.xml file on the firs

This section must be at the end of the kickstart file (after the commands) and must start with the%pre command. You can access the network in the %pre

NoteThe pre-installation script section of kickstart cannot manage multiple install treesor source media. This information must be included for each c

7.1. ExamplesRegister the system to a Red Hat Network Satellite:%post( # Note that in this example we run the entire %post section as a subshell for l

To perform a pen-based flash memory kickstart installation, the kickstart file must be namedks.cfg and must be located in the flash memory's top-

decimal notation. For example, the file name for a computer with an IP address of 10.10.0.1would be 10.10.0.1-kickstart.Note that if you do not specif

command at the boot: prompt (where ks.cfg is the name of the kickstart file):linux ks=cdrom:/ks.cfgOther options to start a kickstart installation are

<path>. The installation program uses DHCP to configure the Ethernet card. For example, ifyour NFS server is server.example.com and the kickstar

able during a text mode installation.Users who must use the text mode installation program can follow the GUI installa-tion instructions and obtain al

kssendmacAdds HTTP headers to ks=http:// request that can be helpful for provisioning systems. In-cludes MAC address of all nics in CGI environment va

fatal error occurs.nomountDon't automatically mount any installed Linux partitions in rescue mode.nonetDo not auto-probe network devices.noparpor

updates=ftp://<path>Image containing updates over FTP.updates=http://<path>Image containing updates over HTTP.upgradeanyDon't require

Chapter 29. Kickstart ConfiguratorKickstart Configurator allows you to create or modify a kickstart file using a graphical user in-terface, so that yo

mistype the password and then realize you do not know what it is after you have completed theinstallation. To save the password as an encrypted passwo

are disabled. They are not supported for kickstart upgrades.Choose the type of kickstart installation or upgrade from the following options:• CD-ROM —

Figure 29.3. Boot Loader OptionsPlease note that this screen will be disabled if you have specified a target architecture otherthan x86 / x86_64.GRUB

NoteThe Upgrade existing boot loader option does not function at the time of GeneralAvailability of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. This issue is being ad

4.1. Creating PartitionsTo create a partition, click the Add button. The Partition Options window shown in Figure 29.5,“Creating Partitions” appears.

Figure 29.5. Creating PartitionsTo edit an existing partition, select the partition from the list and click the Edit button. The samePartition Options

2. The Text Mode Installation Program UserInterfaceThe Red Hat Enterprise Linux text mode installation program uses a screen-based interface thatinclu

2. Select Create a software RAID partition.3. Configure the partitions as previously described, except select Software RAID as the filesystem type. Al

3. Select a mount point, file system type, RAID device name, RAID level, RAID members,number of spares for the software RAID device, and whether to fo

Figure 29.8. Network ConfigurationIf the system to be installed via kickstart does not have an Ethernet card, do not configure oneon the Network Confi

Figure 29.9. AuthenticationIn the Authentication section, select whether to use shadow passwords and MD5 encryptionfor user passwords. These options a

Figure 29.10. Firewall ConfigurationIf Disable firewall is selected, the system allows complete access to any active services andports. No connections

8. Display ConfigurationIf you are installing the X Window System, you can configure it during the kickstart installationby checking the Configure the

8.2. Video CardProbe for video card driver is selected by default. Accept this default to have the installationprogram probe for the video card during

Figure 29.13. X Configuration - MonitorProbe for monitor is selected by default. Accept this default to have the installation programprobe for the mon

Figure 29.14. Package SelectionThe Package Selection window allows you to choose which package groups to install.Package resolution is carried out aut

Figure 29.15. Pre-Installation ScriptYou can add commands to run on the system immediately after the kickstart file has beenparsed and before the inst

Figure 4.2. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk DruidHere is a list of the most important widgets shown in Figure 4.1, “Installation Program

md5sum, mdev, mesg, mkdir, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext3, mkfs.minix, mknod, mk-swap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, msh, mt, mv, n

Figure 29.16. Post-Installation ScriptYou can also add commands to execute on the system after the installation is completed. If thenetwork is properl

this option on the top of the Post-Installation window. This is equivalent to using the --nochroot option in the %post section.To make changes to the

Figure 29.17. PreviewTo save the kickstart file, click the Save to File button in the preview window. To save the filewithout previewing it, select Fi

Chapter 30. Boot Process, Init, andShutdownAn important and powerful aspect of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the open, user-configurablemethod it uses f

13GRUB reads ext3 file systems as ext2, disregarding the journal file. Refer to the chapter titled The ext3 File Systemin the Red Hat Enterprise Linux

For instructions on using the boot loader to supply command line arguments to the kernel, referto Chapter 9, The GRUB Boot Loader. For information on

quired for system initialization. For example, most systems use a clock, so rc.sysinit reads the/etc/sysconfig/clock configuration file to initialize

14Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide for more information about tty devices.15Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Gui

services. Each of the numbered directories represent the six runlevels configured by default un-der Red Hat Enterprise Linux.4.1. RunlevelsThe idea be

• Button Widget — Button widgets are the primary method of interacting with the installationprogram. You progress through the windows of the installat

For more information on single-user and rescue mode, refer to the chapter titledBasic System Recovery in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide

Chapter 31. PXE NetworkInstallationsRed Hat Enterprise Linux allows for installation over a network using the NFS, FTP, or HTTPprotocols. A network in

config-netboot package, can be used to configure the tftp server files as described in Sec-tion 4, “TFTPD”:pxeos -a -i "<description>"

Figure 31.2. Add a HostEnter the following information:• Hostname or IP Address/Subnet — The IP address, fully qualified hostname, or a subnetof syste

NoteFor more information on installing RPM packages, refer to the Package Manage-ment Section of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide.tftp is

Intel® 64 SystemsYou can boot the installation program using any one of the following media (depending uponwhat your system can support):• Red Hat Ent

keys.• If you press a help screen function key, there is a slight delay while the help screen is readfrom the boot media.Normally, you only need to pr

If you are using the CD-ROM to load the installation program, follow the instructions containedin Chapter 4, Installing on Intel and AMD Systems.To bo

The installation program prompts you to insert a CD or select an ISO image to test, and se-lect OK to perform the checksum operation. This checksum op

For more information on kernel options refer to Chapter 8, Additional Boot Options for Intel andAMD Systems.4. Selecting an Installation MethodWhat ty

the boot media. You can safely cancel the installation at any point before theAbout to Install screen. Refer to Section 24, “Preparing to Install” for

Figure 4.3. Selecting Partition Dialog for Hard Drive InstallationEnter the device name of the partition containing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO i

Table of ContentsIntroduction ... xii1. Arc

Figure 4.4. TCP/IP Configuration8. Installing via NFSThe NFS dialog applies only if you are installing from an NFS server (if you selected NFS Imagein

Figure 4.5. NFS Setup DialogIf the NFS server is exporting the ISO images of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD-ROMs, enterthe directory which contains t

Figure 4.6. FTP Setup DialogEnter the name or IP address of the FTP site you are installing from, and the name of the direct-ory containing the varian

from which you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux.Enter the name or IP address of the HTTP site you are installing from, and the name of the dir-

Release Notes for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0.0 by clicking on the Release Notes button.Click on the Next button to continue.12. Language SelectionUs

Figure 4.8. Language SelectionOnce you select the appropriate language, click Next to continue.13. Keyboard ConfigurationUsing your mouse, select the

Figure 4.9. Keyboard ConfigurationTipTo change your keyboard layout type after you have completed the installation,use the Keyboard Configuration Tool

Figure 4.10. Installation Number15. Disk Partitioning SetupPartitioning allows you to divide your hard drive into isolated sections, where each sectio

WarningThe Update Agent downloads updated packages to /var/cache/yum/ by default. Ifyou partition the system manually, and create a separate /var/ par

gram.Users who have used programs such as EZ-BIOS have experienced similar prob-lems, causing data to be lost (assuming the data was not backed up bef

14. Enter the Installation Number ...3015. Disk Partitioning Setup ...

Figure 4.13. Configure ISCSI ParametersPlease note that you will be able to reattempt with a different ISCSI target IP should you enter itincorrectly,

• Use free space on selected drives and create default layout — select this option to retainyour current data and partitions, assuming you have enough

the RAID card. In cases such as these, the /boot/ partition must be created on apartition outside of the RAID array, such as on a separate hard drive.

type FAT (VFAT), a swap partition of at least 512 MB, and an appropriately-sizedroot (/) partition.Figure 4.15. Partitioning with Disk Druid on x86, A

These buttons control Disk Druid's actions. They are used to change the attributes of a parti-tion (for example the file system type and mount po

• Mount Point/RAID/Volume: A mount point is the location within the directory hierarchy atwhich a volume exists; the volume is "mounted" at

Swap should equal 2x physical RAM for up to 2 GB of physical RAM, and then an additional1x physical RAM for any amount above 2 GB, but never less than

If M < 2S = M *2ElseS = M + 2Using this formula, a system with 2 GB of physical RAM would have 4 GB of swap, whileone with 3 GB of physical RAM wou

For more information, refer to Chapter 25, An Introduction to Disk Partitions.Figure 4.16. Creating a New Partition• Mount Point: Enter the partition&

2The fsck application is used to check the file system for metadata consistency and optionally repair one or moreLinux file systems.unless changed, on

4.5. Problems When You Try to Log In ...694.6. Is Your RAM Not Being Recognized? ...

To edit a partition, select the Edit button or double-click on the existing partition.NoteIf the partition already exists on your disk, you can only c

Figure 4.17. Boot Loader ConfigurationIf you do not want to install GRUB as your boot loader, click Change boot loader, where youcan choose not to ins

not move forward in the installation unless you choose a default boot image.NoteThe Label column lists what you must enter at the boot prompt, in non-

Figure 4.18. Boot Loader InstallationTipIf you have a RAID card, be aware that some BIOSes do not support booting fromthe RAID card. In cases such as

TipWhile partitioning your hard drive, keep in mind that the BIOS in some older sys-tems cannot access more than the first 1024 cylinders on a hard dr

and associated mirror sites.Commercial boot loadersYou can load Linux using commercial boot loaders. For example, System Commander andPartition Magic

Figure 4.19. Network ConfigurationThe installation program automatically detects any network devices you have and displays themin the Network Devices

Figure 4.20. Editing a Network DeviceNoteDo not use the numbers as seen in this sample configuration. These values will notwork for your own network c

TipTo change your network configuration after you have completed the installation,use the Network Administration Tool.Type the system-config-network c

Select System Clock uses UTC if you know that your system is set to UTC.TipTo change your time zone configuration after you have completed the install

5.1. Using the Keyboard to Navigate ...1026. Beginning Installation ...

3A root password is the administrative password for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system. You should only log in asroot when needed for system mainten

123456, and anteater are all examples of bad passwords. Good passwords mix numerals withupper and lower case letters and do not contain dictionary wor

To select a component, click on the checkbox beside it (refer to Figure 4.23, “Package GroupSelection”).Figure 4.23. Package Group SelectionSelect eac

Figure 4.24. Package Group Details24. Preparing to Install24.1. Prepare to InstallA screen preparing you for the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Li

25. Installing PackagesAt this point there is nothing left for you to do until all the packages have been installed. Howquickly this happens depends o

After you type elilo, the default kernel listed in the /boot/efi/elilo.conf configuration file isloaded. (The first kernel listed in the file is the d

5. At the Enter New Description: prompt, type Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, or any name thatyou want to appear on the EFI Boot Manager menu.6. At the En

Chapter 5. Removing Red HatEnterprise LinuxTo uninstall Red Hat Enterprise Linux from your x86-based system, you must remove the RedHat Enterprise Lin

To remove partitions, use the partitioning utility parted. Start parted, where /dev/hda is thedevice on which to remove the partition:parted /dev/hdaU

Chapter 6. TroubleshootingInstallation on an Intel® or AMDSystemThis appendix discusses some common installation problems and their solutions.1. You a

4.3. Problems with the X Window System (GUI) ...1394.4. Problems with the X Server Crashing and Non-Root Users ...1

Another option is to perform a media check on your installation CD-ROMs. The Red Hat Enter-prise Linux installation program has the ability to test th

You can also refer to the Red Hat Hardware Compatibility List, available online at:http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/3.2. Saving Traceback Messages Witho

• A <swap> partition of type swapTipWhen defining a partition's type as swap, do not assign it a mount point. DiskDruid automatically assig

process, so the installation program cannot write information and fails.If you experience such an error, first try to download any available errata fo

/etc/inittab, by changing just one number in the runlevel section. When you are finished, re-boot the computer. The next time you log in, you are pres

To verify that this is the problem you are experiencing, run the following command:df -hThe df command should help you diagnose which partition is ful

the cat /proc/meminfo command.Verify that the displayed quantity is the same as the known amount of RAM in your system. Ifthey are not equal, add the

tion => Soundcard Detection in GNOME, or Main Menu => Administration => SoundcardDetection in KDE. A small text box pops up prompting you for

Chapter 7. Driver Media for Intel®and AMD Systems1. Why Do I Need Driver Media?While the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program is loading, a s

(including images/drvnet.img — network card drivers and images/drvblock.img — drivers forSCSI controllers) containing many drivers (both common and ob

19.1. Preparing to Install ...18220. Installing Packages ...

For example, to specifically load a driver diskette that you have created, begin the installationprocess by booting from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Chapter 8. Additional Boot Optionsfor Intel® and AMD SystemsThis appendix discusses additional boot and kernel boot options available for the Red Hat

the original display. Using the command xhost +remotehostname limits access to the remotedisplay terminal and does not allow access from anyone or any

enables self-diagnosis on the CPU by default (called machine check exception). Early Com-paq Pentium systems may need this option as they do not suppo

such as 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, and so on.serialthis command turns on serial console support.textthis command disables the graphical installation

4For more on the system BIOS and the MBR, refer to Section 2.1, “The BIOS”.Chapter 9. The GRUB Boot LoaderWhen a computer with Red Hat Enterprise Linu

able of loading either the Stage 1.5 or Stage 2 boot loader.2. The Stage 1.5 boot loader is read into memory by the Stage 1 boot loader, if necessary.

where the BIOS could not find a file after the 1024 cylinder head of the disk. LBA support al-lows GRUB to boot operating systems from partitions beyo

When referring to a specific device with GRUB, do so using the following format (note that theparentheses and comma are very important syntactically):

The following illustrates the structure of such a command:(<device-type><device-number>,<partition-number>)</path/to/file>In t